Industrial batteries are invisible pillars of our modern infrastructure. Designed to provide stable energy over long periods, they power critical infrastructure and support a wide range of sectors, from health to energy efficiency.

Since their invention by Gaston Planté in the mid-19ᵉ century, rechargeable lead batteries have established themselves as one of the pillars of the battery industry, despite the emergence of other technologies such as lithium[...].

Since their introduction in the 1990s, lithium batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries, have become the benchmark technology. Based on the circulation of lithium ions between two electrodes, they have become indispensable[...].